Genesis A Historical, Literal, And Theological Sense

For this paper, I wanted to spend time in a passage that I felt like I have completely written off and just accepted what others have told me about it for years, it is because of this that I will be writing my paper on Genesis 1:1-2:3, which teaches the creation account. I limited it to this because, for obvious reasons, I cannot include anything before this section, and after this section it goes into more detail about the creation of man for the rest of Genesis chapter two and I will not be focused on the specifics of that as much as the whole narrative of creation. Limiting the passage to anything less would take away from the narrative of scripture and would lead to me missing something. There is also a textual parallelism found in the text, but I will go further in depth on this later in the paper. The purpose of this paper is to examine Genesis 1:1-2:3 in a historical, literal, and theological sense and then to discuss what I think the intended meaning of the passage is. Historical As Dr. Emerson stated in classroom lectures, idioms are not something that occur in every passage of scripture, but in this passage there are two clear idioms. First, in verse 1:2 â€Å"the deep† and then in 1:6, â€Å"an expanse in the midst of the waters† would be two examples of idioms. For nearly two millennia there was a general consensus from Biblical scholars that held Moses as the author of the book; however, over the last 200 years there has been a change in theory that says the Pentateuch,Show MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of Young Earth Creationism1698 Words   |  7 Pagescreationism, which constitute the foundation of the position: (1) An open philosophy of science; (2) all basic types of organisms were directly created by God during the creation week of Genesis 1-2; (3) the curse of Genesis 3:14-19 profoundly affected every aspect of the natural economy; (4) The flood of Noah was a historical event, global in extent and effect. Young earth creationism shares similarities with other views, in particular, the progressive view, which will be looked at in-depth in a later sectionRead MoreThe Biblical Inspiration Of The Sacred Scripture1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe Biblical Inspiration Inspiration of the Sacred Scripture God is the absolute Being: â€Å"He has made everything suitable for its time; moreover he has put a sense of past and future into their minds† (Ecclesiastes 3:11). God reveals himself to humanity particularly through human language . Divine Revelation is personal and relational. The meaning of God’s revelation is included his words and actions given for the salvation of humanity. Interestingly, â€Å"revelation is rooted in the oral proclamationRead MoreThe Debate Between Creation And Evolution2145 Words   |  9 Pagesadvocate for each position is attempting to reconcile the apparent differences between science and Christianity. It is simply the case that they each take a different approach and give different amounts of authority to science and a literal interpretation of Genesis. The first position is that of young earth creationism. Additionally, this is what most people mean when referring to â€Å"creationism.† This is primarily due to the fact that the creationists visible in the public eye during the creation-evolutionRead MoreBook Review: Journey Through the Old Testament1538 Words   |  6 Pageshighly ambiguous to youthful, adolescent readers new to ecclesiastical documents. The scope of this textbook is decidedly comprehensive in nature, as it spends a good deal of time explaining concepts and events that took place from the book of Genesis to the prophesies regarding Jesus that close out this document and readily being the New Testament. As is the case with most textbooks in contemporary education especially that which is relevant to students at a secondary level of education JourneyRead MoreAn Analysis of Exodus 6:8-10 Essay966 Words   |  4 PagesIn Exodus 6:12, the Hebrew phrase â€Å"Poor Speaker† (NRSV), does not mean a physical speech disability in a literal sense, but rather it is used as a metaphor to describe Moses’ hesitation to speak to Pharaoh which was not only his own self-consciousness, but was also a product of Israelites disinclination towards him. A Plan of Defense I plan to start my defense by providing those arguments that claim that it was self-consciousness at Moses’ part rather than a disability. For instance, TheRead MoreThe Theory Of Progressive Evolution1726 Words   |  7 Pagesargued in the On the Origin of Species (1859)4 was still to be considered by all reasonable, educated persons as an astounding, unprecedented achievement. 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Dennett argued that nothing humanity was aware of subjectivelyRead MoreComparison of Plato, Aquinas, Aristotle and Augustine1464 Words   |  6 Pages‘cave bounding our human senses, begins to sound like a form of escapism from reality as we perceive it. Reason Reason is competent to know reality but it is necessary to begin with what exists in the world. Reason embodies a primacy-of-existence approach which states that knowledge of the world commences by looking at and examining what exists. Recognizing the validity of mans senses, men can increase their knowledge by augmenting the evidence of the senses through reason (i.e., throughRead MoreComparison of Plato, Aquinas, Aristotle and Augustine1473 Words   |  6 Pagesthe ‘cave bounding our human senses, begins to sound like a form of escapism from reality as we perceive it. Reason Reason is competent to know reality but it is necessary to begin with what exists in the world. Reason embodies a primacy-of-existence approach which states that knowledge of the world commences by looking at and examining what exists. Recognizing the validity of mans senses, men can increase their knowledge by augmenting the evidence of the senses through reason (i.e., throughRead MoreCritical Analysis of Genesis 1:1-2:4a Essays2625 Words   |  11 PagesGen 1:1-2:4a World Behind the text Historical and Cultural Context Genesis illustrates the way Biblical writers J (Yahwist), E (Elohist) and P (Priestly) drew upon the cultural and religious legacy of the Ancient Near East (ANE) along with its stories and imagery and transformed it to conform to a new vision of a non-mythological God and a monotheistic, superior religion. â€Å"The Pentateuch developed against the background of the Ancient Near Eastern culture first cultivated in and spread by Sumerian

Bellinger and Transsexuals Free Essays

Bellinger V Bellinger case might lawfully be epitomized as clear and unbiased reference to putative gender-sex differentiating and even opposition. Social role of an individual is what apparently regarded as a reflection of his/her inner, biological role. Male and female interact and represent themselves in their respective gender roles as they are accostomed to and as it is their only way to fully reveal their personality, gender role being an essential part to it. We will write a custom essay sample on Bellinger and Transsexuals or any similar topic only for you Order Now So far, within the academic notion of ‘sex’ or, if related to psychology, ‘sex identity’ two distinct and rather discrete categories, first denoting biological [inborn] components, second denoting acquired through socialization pattern of behaviour, were embraced to secure separate and considerate approaches. That gender role is a concept relating to second or ‘acquired’ group of elements is a fact which thus far scarcely entail any poisonous implication. If there be a game participants to which are free to chose their gender role and are warranted, by the rules of the game, to be fully accepted at their new status, this status will for the purpose of the game mean a ‘carte blanche’ for any constructive self formation and assuming myriad of new social roles which spurrs the creativity of the participants. That game is very much alike a masquerade, where costumes and dresses are commonly known and recognizable and the owners of those costumes, impersonal as they are wearing their dominos, are treated as if being a true heroes. The rules of the game which sanctionize impersonation, in fact, inaugurate the spirit of mockery and futher creativity of individuals which, perdued by the cloak of assumed gender, depart further from the province prescribed by their sex role assigned as birth. In fact, this abstract situation or game is hardly ruled by any societal regulation or government statutues; it is inherently present in human communities which tend to dissociate into a number of nuclear communiteis which develope their internal regulations and are characterized by certain margin of deviation. What really empowers the participants of that kind of abstract situation and actualize their further expansion is technical devices or ‘masks’ needed to successfully impersonate gender roles and special warrant that their will be accepted in their new acquired role. First creates the discourse of community, the accesability of technical devices draws the idea of the situation nearer to the partcipants; second creates continuum for their activity empowering scheme to expand and difining the extremities and limits of that expansion. Far from stating the internal driving forces which rule the participants when they ‘jump in the game’ I would like to underscore the dialectics between transsexuals and doctors which is accountable for re-asserting transexuals’ subjectivity, providing them with technical means which greatly contribute to that subjectivity’s formation, and dialectics between transexuals and law. In Re Bellinger, several facts point out to the current state of limitations law and society encounter as regards patterns of cross-sexual behaviour and their possible legal implications. It is clear enough that Mrs. Bellinger since her unsuccessful marrige to a woman which resulted in devorce as early as 1975 led a sexually deviant subjective life which found its expression in wearing womans dress and acting as a woman. That pattern of behaviour is characterictic of transvestites or cross-gender individuals which find sexual and/or cerebral gratification in assuming a gender role of woman by partial of complete cross-dressing and often (which is conditioned by a degree of boldness of a cross-dresser) venturing out into public . As we also might know Mrs. Bellinger was rather radical in her endeavour and has completely assumed new gender role and, in fact, had disguised her male side until eventually gone through gender re-assingment procedure. Although, for the purpose of present consideration the fact of her going through sex re-assignment treatment is immaterial as far as it may only indicate her being extremely persistent in assuming characteristics of wanted gender. The fact that she underwent operational treatment has no practical implications on the province of law concerned: it only designated that she been through treatment results of which are partially recognized by state and law in general and to that extent that she is entitled to correction of documents (passport, etc. ) That government corrects documents for the person which changed so profoundly that otherwise doing may impede his/her interaction with government and state services is absolutely reasonable practice. When individual wishes to change a name he/she is also entiltled to the correction of personal data in the passport lest there be any confusions of the personality of passport holder. Now the question is are there any material differences in the eyes of the law between situation when individual chose to ungergo operational treatment and having done so needs to have the personal data typed in passport (together with photograph) corrected and that when individual chose to change, say, her marriage status and needs to have her personal data (last name) corrected? I think, despite apparent difference of two cases, both of them involve substantial changes in person’s status which (changes) has to find their adequate reflection in official personal information. Initially, law is not concerned with changes or transformation person undergoes – it is only concerned with legal implications of those transformations or how they will affect legal status of individual should he participate in his new status within legal sphere. To participate within legal sphere, to put it accurately, mostly means to partake in complex of relations subject to regulation of specific law or specific legal norms. Thus, though two cases are entirely different with respect to the nature of changes individual undergoes, legal implications of sex re-assignment procedure are somewhat limited by the current state of law which is reluctant to acknowledge validity of marriage between persons at least one of which participated to it not in his/her original sex, but has chosen to change that original sex and actually did so prior to the marriage . It follows that as regards [spicific] law of family, individual that enjoyed legal recognition in general (recognition through correcting personal data, including name which indicate gender), is incapable of fulfilment his/her rights springing from that recognition in particular case and with respect particular province of law. Thus, as far as nature of changes concerned apparently matters in the eyes of law, since it delegates rights upon person who changed the name as a result of personal wish and withholds the legal capabilities of those rights fulfilment in the case with men who changed the name as a result of personal wish to change sex and thus appropriate more coming feminine name, it proceeds that the fact of general aprobation of the sex-reassignment procedure and its results, which finds its expression in registering individual as a woman and entails legal rights and prefenrences capable of fulfilment in specific provinces of law (pension age and, what is more important, the right to marriage), does not mean that general aprobation’s universal validity – it instead means some kind of contingent validity of general recognition of status. It practically means that general recognition is void as long as it does not entail recognition of persons rights in specific provinces of law (like labor law and family law). Particulary, the fact of gender re-assignment is immaterial to the case because neither it benefited the person any more than would do when testifying his/her expressed and extremal desire to posses the characteristics of opposite gender, nor it entailed some practical outcomes of government’s general recognition of the sex re-assignment fact when person was allowed to change a name in the passport. Thus far, I insist that Mrs. Bellinger was a transvestite which gone through gender re-assignment but the latter procedure did not qualitatively affect her legal status. As it is known from the case, the registrator did not ask Mrs. Bellinger about her gender status and Mr. Bellinger himself was not willing to inform him. So, it will be reasonable to presume that if at the moment marriage took place Mrs. Bellinger did not actually do gender re-assignment but instead prefered cross-dressing as transvestites do the registrator would hardly have more doubts about the gender of fiancee than he actually had. The difference between pre-operational and post-operational positions of Mrs. Bellinger was rather internal of character and laid deep in her self perception which apparently was tending towards further unification with all that constitutued ‘feminine’. Even at the time when Mrs. Bellinger still possesed secondary sexual atributes of male (penis) she also possesed a great deal of feminine traits and was very skilled at dressing woman clothes and make up. This allows for induction that it was not only after the operational treatment that Mrs. Bellinger did actually transformed in terms of gender as seen through public eyes. If transvestite looks skillful enough to pass the street and impart the idea of her ‘girlishness’ to every one looking at her, she, to certain degree, is a girl to herself at this moment and is, to absolute degree, a girl to society aroound her. When much of the things to visually transform boy into a girl was done and done with a good taste then nobody will distrust his/her feelings and venture to check her anatomical sex by pulling her skirts up. Thus, it is apparent that transvestite radiates feminine gender when in public eye which certainly does not go without further affirmation of [her]self in that believe. It follows that category of gender which comprise number of biological and non-biological or acquired elements is construed through and within societal perception of what that gender (male/female) should look like . If the society is misled and perplexed that only means that ‘gender identity’ of some of its members went awray. The latter conceive the idea of gender in the context of ‘self construction’, ‘self transformation’ and doctor actually aid them in perpetuating that belief in contigency of gender . That transvestite resort to special devices to assume the gender role and misled the society means that even without surgical treatment they may successfully socialize into society in the desired role and that actual sex reassignment does not have any implications other than on transvestite’s subjectivity and self perception, that is, no practical bearing on societal perception. At this point, if law is only concerned with empowering adequate socialization (securing the equality of rights and principle of genral equity and equlity) of individual in his/her gender role, then it precribes equality of scope of right which pertain to inborn woman and that which pertain to person gone through sex re-assignment. On societal level, that equality is already established since everyone perceive trasvestite as a woman and naturally does treat her as a woman . Methodological problem here is that marginal transvestites which cross dress completely, live like women and express a strong desire to transform their bodies so that to alter their secondary sexual attributes into that which pertain to woman and, in whole, strive to unify with another gender totally abandoming their own original one, present a distinct group which needs both taxonomization and separate legal approach . As we said earlier, there will be no virtual difference for the registrator whether Mrs. Bellinger would have been through surgical treatment at the moment of marriage or not. In the same manner, she will look equally feminine to people on the street before and after operation. The problem lays in her self perception. Acute desire to get rid of the abhorrant organs which (desire) borders with risc of self-mutilation or suicide was invoked by Harry Benjamine as reasons for surgical treatment of a patient. ‘Benjamine patient’ thus requires separate taxonomical niche and might also require medical and in extremal cases surgical treatment which , thus, looks akin to emergency surgical measures applicable to unstable patient. Surgical vocabulary has penetrated the terrain once inhabited by psychopathological terminology. Treatment of such hard cases involving Marginal drive towards unification with other sex by arsenal of intense psychoterapy was rendered futile and changed for more radical, surgical and hormonal technologies. Although, it is within approach of psychoterapy that demand of sex change, which was crucial in disclosure of syndrome itself, was recognized to â€Å"cover over another form of subjectivity that are fundamentally destabilizing. † It follows that emergency approach within which syndrome of expressed gender dysphoria taken at its extremity is only capable of rectification through surgical treatment intended at partial or full removal of secondary sexual attributes posseses not its past persuasiveness. Rather, its thesis about demand for sex change which serves as signifier of the syndrome invites critics on the ground of its Although, â€Å"Benjaminian patient† as a product of doctors and patients dialectical development of â€Å"cohesiveness for a subjectivity [which] constantly [is] under threat of destruction† is very appealing to the law. The law may find its subject in the â€Å"Benjamine patient†. Thus created taxonomical niche entail various legal situations. Earlier, we considered the possibility of Mrs. Bellinger’s actual marriage (in terms of social recognition of their civil union) in case if she would not undergo sex re-assignment procedure and concluded that marriage will be not less socially valid under that conditions. What if in her place was another person who only occasionally cross dress and does not wish to play that social role of woman forever? It is very possible that she would pass the social test and misled the public with its look but the degree to which she really needs that social and legal recognition is, presumably, incommensurable to that of Mrs. Bellinger. In this case, the fact that individual has undergone surgical procedure may testify her commitment to the purpose of ultimate unification with opposite gender (along the lines of ‘Benjamine patient’ approach) as well as underscore the intricasy of her psychosomatic neurosis ( psychopathology approach). In any case, surgical treatment dialigns the group of Marginal transvestites from other, Nuclear ones . And similary to medicine which aids that marginal patients by delivering them from their detestable organs , law is called to facilitate their further socialization into society by resolving the internal pressure they feel as regards inability to lawfully participate in civil unions. That law is called upon to faciliate in internal self development and self apprehension is no new: it has incorporated norms securing the right of disabled and retarded which contribute to their self esteem and facilitate their internal development or prevents them from [the threat] of destruction of personality. But is not it that law pre-maturely intervene into the relations which are to be at first clearified and agreed upon by the medical specialists and only then passed into the sight of law? Whether it us true or not that if there are presently two groups each of which has its explanation on what marginal transvestism is and how it should be treated then law is bound to side with one of those schools since no mutual agreement was developed? ‘Benjamine patient’ is very appealing taxonomical category which directly and logically connect Marginal transvestism (springing from expressedly antipathic reaction to individual original sex) and gender re-assignment treatment (which is deemed to be the only plausible resolution to thus posed problem). But in the eyes of law transvestite which undergone sex re-assignment posseses no single distinct advantage as compared to that (transvestite) which did not been through that treatment. It is gender identity of individual that matters when considering the issue of legislative changes to Matrimonial Causes Act. In this respect, gender re-assignment procedure is not a conclusive step which defines those who are eligible for the right to marriage; it is only one of those steps which are directed by human identity and, through acquiring further visual and material semblance, incrementally lead to unification with desired sex. This road may prove to be infinite. The position of gender re-assignment surgical procedure within the continuum of surgical procedures transexuals resort to allows for observation that transexuals, in fact, are continuously disturbed by abyss between them and ideal feminity (in case of men transexuals) and may never acquire bodily semblance enough to put their mind or gender identity at ease, that is to say that they are insecure in their feminity and their self apprehension is constantly impaired. Thus, it is impossible to render a transsexual somehow belonging to feminine gender solely on the ground of him/her being surgicaly treated. Rather, it is the expressed self apprehension as belonging to feminine gender that could make them what they want to be. This conclusion entails further ones. The most prominent of them is that pronounced desire to be a femine is what transsexual has and ever would have and the aim of the law is to state whether it is sufficient for granting them all rights pertaining to female sex. In context of right to marriage this pronounced desire has to somehow fit into the definition of marriage (marriage is void unless the parties are ‘respectively male and female’ (Bellinger para 1) or that definition has to be changed because of certain cases which hardly fall within that definition but nevertheless seem to have direct bearing on the marriage. Clearly, transsexual which articulate her gender to be feminine in the marriage tends to have a wife role which will organically consort with other characteristic of feminity she tends to. In Re Kevin (validity of marriage of transsexual) [2001] Fam CA 1074 it was stated that there is no ‘formulaic solution’ to determining the sex of an individual for the purpose of the law of marriage and â€Å"difference is essentially that we can readily observe or identify the genitals, chromosomes and gonads, but at present we are unable to detect or precisely identify the equally â€Å"biological† characteristics of the brain that are present in transsexuals† But to put right to marriage in direct dependance upon [determining] sex of person seems to be a dead end. The array of cases strating from Corbett v Corbett [1971] P 83 and ending with present case testifies that this approach is hardly efficient. The desicion in Goodwin v UK (2002) 35 EHRR 18 laid ground for re-apprisal of that approach. It reads that the Court found found ‘no justification for barring the transsexual from enjoying the right to marry under any circumstances’. Obviously, there are no such impedements springing from the law itself which would prospectively prevent Marginal transvestites from acquiring right to marriage provided that there be a legislative will of Parlament. That the perplexities of that problem partially and briefly stated earlier do prevent House of Commons from passing the bill also seems clear. At the same time, incentives coming out of European court are expressedly painted in colors of progressive and liberative legislative approach. Presently, I belive that formula which will satisfy ‘Europeans’ will involve legislation tending to antecede the resolution of academic debates as regards specific domains of meidine and, in fact, contribute to the progressive and enlighted resolution of those debates. In our case, present state of the law includes some deceptive provisions. It clearly states that parties to marriage are ‘respectively male and female’ which seems to be consonant with the desire of Marginal transvestites as they tend to artificially acquire ‘maleness’ or ‘femaleness’. At the same time, law and the court do not seem to bother about priciseness of their rendering of that provision. So far, as it occures from the great majority of the cases, the court only have approached notions of ‘maleness’ and ‘femaleness’, construed them to signify biological sex and made efforts to elaborate measures of ascertaining that [original] sex. It is now clear that societal perception of gender does not co-incide with legal one. The court insures the degree of preciseness of that legal perception but apparently, the split between society which eyes Marginal trasvestite and sees a girl, Marginal transvestite which lives and strives to be a girl actually ever-approaching to it, and the Court which eyes Marginal transvestite through microscope and employes all kind of hromosomal tests and technical appliances to disclose that individual’s original and abhorrent side is enormous. Doctors almost at once sided with their patient and developed certain categories (at the beggining ‘Benjamine patient’ and then ‘gender identity disorder’) actually saling transvestites to state as transexuals – taxon compulsory and contigent in itself – which would underscore their unstability at the original gender and destabilizing subjectivity. Another school of medicine tries to buy that category back from the state pointing at the internal incommensurability and incohesiveness of it. It (school) actually speak out that state and society bought the thing which is not what it seems. And it is the time when gender and sex opposition is to reveal fully. As it might be construed from Bellinger case despite her successful effort to approach ‘feminity’ Mrs. Bellinger did not managed to approach ‘femaleness’ which under the present provisions of the law warrant her a right to marriage. Doctors appealed to progressiveness and humanity of legislator so that the latter might confer ‘femaleness’ upon transexuals even if only to save their subjectivity. Unattainable status of, say, ‘femaleness’ is mainly in charge of legal deadend with marriage rights of marginal transvestites. If sex-related approach was changed for gender-related one (first signifies biological sex, second – gender role) within the provisions of the law it will greatly reduce that paintfull dialectics between transsexuals and doctors and transsexuals and law. Though, that changes ought to go with recognition of homosexual marriage. Transsexuals will never agree to register as homosexual family but this will reduce the degree to which marriage right depend on gender re-assignment procedure, which is immaterial to marginal trabnssexuals right to marriage. Number of words: 3558. References: Books: Changing Sex: Transsexualism, Technology, and the Idea of Gender by Bernice L. Hausman; Duke University Press, 1995 The Psychology of Sexual Orientation, Behavior, and Identity: A Handbook by Louis Diamant, Richard D. McAnulty; Greenwood Press, 1995 DNA and Destiny: Nature and Nurture in Human Behavior by R. Grant Steen; Plenum Press, 1996 Journal articles: Transvestism: A Survey of 1032 Cross-Dressers. by Richard F. Docter, Virginia Prince. Journal Title: Archives of Sexual Behavior. Volume: 26. Issue: 6. Publication Year: 1997. Page Number: 589+. Moving gaily forward? Lesbian, gay and transgender human rights in Europe. by Kristen Walker. Melbourne Journal of International Law, June 2001 v2 i1 p122 Paper articles: Law reports. (News) Daily Telegraph (London, England); April 17, 2003 Cases cited: Corbett v Corbett [1971] P 83 Re Kevin (validity of marriage of transsexual) [2001] Fam CA 1074 Goodwin v United Kingdom (2002) 35 EHRR 18 Bellinger v Bellinger [2003]2 FLR 1 Bellinger v Bellinger [2003] UKHL 21 How to cite Bellinger and Transsexuals, Papers

Medication Management-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Identifies Strategies to overcome Challenges in regard to Safe Medication Management. Answer: Medication management can be defined, as a patient specific care to optimize effective, safe and suitable drug therapy. A patient is provided with care, with the collaborative action of a multidisciplinary team. Registered nurses (RNs) are one of the important members of the multidisciplinary team that influence a safer management of medications. As a new graduate nurse I have received elementary knowledge about medication management through our entire nursing program, yet I have faced with several new challenges while making a transition from the university ambience to a clinical setting (Cheragi et al., 2013). As a nurse I should be able to apply my knowledge about the patient and the medications. The process of nursing is not a very linear process. A continuous assessment is being done at all the stages of the medication management (Mirbahaet al., 2015). Newly graduate nurses are inexperienced; hence, it can be difficult for them to monitor the medication protocol of a patient. Apart from the types of drugs that have to be delivered, the correct method of drug administration also plays a pivotal role in patient's safety. Nurses play a very significant responsibility in the prevention of the medication errors. Most of the time, this is caused due to the clinical personnel failing to do his duty correctly (Cheragi et al., 2013). Some of the common medication errors that can, be caused by the registered nurses are omissions, administering wrong drugs or wrong dosage of drugs, improper methods of delivery and wrong prescriptions. It has to be noted that the work load, the responsibilities in a proper clinical setting is far more than the student workload, exams, and placements, which can be some of the main causes of medication errors (Keers et al., 2013). Newly graduated nurses are encountered with problems like lack of pharmacological information, lack of monitoring of the pre- administered drugs. I have come across one of my peers, who forgot to find out his tory of the adverse drug reaction in a concerned patient. When a nurse is undergoing training, the last thing that they are concerned is about the documentations. there are few things that has to be kept in mind while charting for a patient- Proper documentation of the drug administration and the doses, records of any discontinued medications, records about drug allergy (Campbell et al., 2012)(if any). I have grown and have developed skills through my personal experience placement so that I can think, collect and foster a safe medication management. The correct procedures of safe medication administration involve maintenance of an electronic medical record. In my nursing course I have learned that liquid medications are measured by standard measuring containers. Notably, while splitting the tablets, it should be ensured that the medications are scored by the manufacturer and the medication is splitted evenly. According to Campbell et al., (2012), it is important to carry out the some assessments before the application of certain medications. I have learnt that it is necessary to monitor the heart rate before the administration of antidysrhythmic medications. The duty of a nurse does not end with this. It is necessary to monitor the response of the patients to the medications, especially when we are applying the medications for the first time. In my learning career I have also learn ed about the importance of recording the site of injections. For high alert medications, it is essential to double check the doses. The Australian commission on safety and quality in health care (ACSQH) has developed medical charts in order to standardize the medication management and increase medication safety. There are separate medication charts for the paedriatics, aged care and more. I have always tried to keep an eye on these charts in order to develop my pharmacological skills. The NSQHS safety standard 4 for the medication errors in nursing ensures that the nurses safely administer medications to the patients. In order to meet the standard, the frame work proposes that it is essential to document the medication allergies and previous anaphylactic reactions (Flanigan, 2016). I have faced problems related to the administration of the intravenous medicines. In accordance with my problem I would like to share that Ohasi et al., (2014) have proposed that Intravenous application of medications involve a lot of complexities and preparations. The reports by Campbell et al., (2012), shows severe patient harm related to intravenous medications. It was found that most of the intravenous errors are due to the wrong intravenous rates, wrong volume and mixtures and drug incompatibility, previously I faced challenges in the preparation of the intravenous medications. Later on I have learned to check the medication standards provided in the Australian Injectable drugs handbook (AIDH). I should mention that the problems I encountered regarding the IV, during my learning career were much different from those in the actual clinical setting. In order to ensure a safe management of medications, a nurse should undergo extensive research to practice evidence based practice and should have an avid knowledge of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics (Kim Bates, 2013). From the problems, I have realized that it is very important for a nurse to have a foundational knowledge regarding human growth and development, physiology, human anatomy, nutrition and more. Surprisingly, the mathematical skills will probably help one out in the dosage calculations (Ohasi et al., 2014). According to the NMBA standard of nursing, nurses should indulge in critical thinking and clinical judgment while planning the drug dosage (Flanigan, 2016). Another thing that most of the new nurses are encountered with the catheter related medication errors (Kim Bates, 2013). Most of the errors that are caused by nursing students are related to intravenous tubing. Like any other fresh students, I am faced with problems related to the catheter tubes. Reports related to tube catheter misconnection involve a number of devices, such as peripheral intravenous, central venous, peritoneal dialysis). According to Alsulami et al.,(2012), a nurse should be able to support and advocate patient education regarding the adherence to medication regime. I have tried my best to have a transparent knowledge regarding pathophysiology and pharmacology, so that I am able to deliver a proper instructions and knowledge to the patient. One of the important aspects of becoming a successful nurse is self regulation. Medication error can arise due to improper documentation and reporting of the health care errors. Verbal, written or other forms of communication for recording the near misses are one of the crucial initiatives from the side of nurses. I have gained efficiency in preparing ISBAR, clinical handovers. Clinical handover plays a major role in error prevention (Simonsen et al., 2014). A proper clinical handover are intended as the handing over of responsibilities from one health care professional to the other. It helps in mitigating the medication related errors. It helps the person in the next shift to get an overall idea of the patient history and the undergoing medications. In my degree course I have gained knowledge regarding the medication reconciliation of each and every patient. As stated by Haw et al., (2014), medication reconciliation consists of three steps: - First is verification. I have always learned to verify the medication history of the patients, including the current medications, herbal or alternative therapies and more. It is important to get it clarified from the physician charge that all the doses are correct (Simonsen et al., 2014). The RN investigates, disseminate and document any further changes. As a freshly graduate nursing student I may make medication errors, but I should not deter to inform the higher authority regarding my mistake, as we know that medication error can be as lethal as death (Alsulami et al., 2012). An RN should be able to work together with the families, patients and the care providers for ensuring comprehensive and accurate medications. It is required that all the medications of a particular patient are reviewed in order to ensure that appropriate medications are added, changed or stopped (Parry et al., 2015). It is not that everyone should apply for a transition to practice, however they can motivate a nurse to strive more in his professional practice. It is important for ensuring a consistent, transparent and equitable process for the management of transition to practice nurses. This transition to practice can be done in any clinical setting .It helps a nurse to develop her inter professional skills. I am well aware of the fact that medication error may lead to adverse drug reactions, which can bring about life threatening conditions in patients. Since, a collaborative care is not possible as long as I do not make any interaction with the other members of the collaborative team, it is better that I consult with my peer and my senior nurses in case of complicated situations. I should be able to work with the health care agencies for identifying the individual risk factors and implement a proactive measure for decreasing the medication errors Each of these challenges is problematic for a newly graduate nurse. Proper help and guidance from the senior nurses and the peers can help the new nurses for a successful transition in to a new working environment. In conclusion it can be said as a graduate nurse, I can manage the medication challenges by practicing evidence based research work against pharmacology, proper assessment of the patient history and the current conditions, including the vital signs. Other things that I should keep in mind are proper clinical handovers, documentation, using technologies for monitoring and documentation. The nursing frameworks will also help me to overcome my fears. References Alsulami, Z., Choonara, I., Conroy, S. (2014). 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